ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common lymphoid hematological malignancy, the treatment and prognosis of NHL have always been the focus of clinical attention. Chemotherapy is the main first-line treatment, but there is still no effective treatment for patients with poor response to chemotherapy, recurrence or progression within a short period of time after treatment, and new and effective drugs need to be developed clinically. As the only clinically validated oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), Selinexor has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, clinical attempts are being made to apply it to the treatment of other hematological malignancies.This article reviews the anti-tumor mechanism of Selinexor and the latest research progress in its application in NHL, and provides ideas for a more diverse, standardized and effective applications of Selinexor in NHL.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Active Transport, Cell Nucleus , Hydrazines/pharmacology , Triazoles/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective During June 2-8, 2009, 11 cases of the novel influenza A (H1N1)occurred in Sichuan Province, China. We investigated this outbreak to identify the source of infection,mode of transmission and risk factors for infection. Methods The primary case, a U.S. citizen,developed disease on June 2. From June 3 to 5, she joined Tour Group A for a trip to Jiuzhaigou. We telephoned passengers of the three flights on which the primary case had traveled in China, and members of Tour Group A. We asked whether they had any influenza-like symptoms during May 27 to June 12. Health authorities placed passengers whose seats were within three rows of the primary case on flights and members of Tour Group A on medical observation, and isolated individuals if they developed symptoms. We used real-time RT-PCR to test the throat swabs from symptomatic persons for the novel influenza virus and defined a confirmed case as one with influenza-like symptoms and laboratory confirmation. A retrospective cohort investigation to identify the risk factors for infection was conducted. We interviewed all members of Tour Group A about their detailed contact history with the primary case. Results During June 5 to 6, 9 (30%) of the primary case' s 30 fellow tour group members developed disease, compared with none of her 87 fellow passengers to Jiuzhaigou and 1 of her 87 fellow passengers on the returning trip (when several of the members of Tour Group A were symptomatic). 56% of the tourists who had talked with the primary case in close range ( ＜2 m) for ≥2 minutes developed disease, whereas none of the 14 other tour group members developed disease (RR= ∞; exact 95%CI: 2.0- ∞ ). Having conversed with the primary case for ≥ 10 minutes (vs. 2-9 minutes) increased the risk by almost five fold (RR=4.8, exact 95%CI: 1.3-180). Conversely, other kinds of contact, such as dining at the same table, receiving chewing gum from the primary case and sharing bus rides or planes with the primary case played no roles during this outbreak. Conclusion This novel influenza A (H1N1) outbreak was caused by an imported case, and transmitted mainly via droplet transmission when the primary case was talking with her fellow tourists during a tour. These findings highlight the importance of preventing droplet transmission during a pandemic.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of muscular pedicle bone grafts with sartorius or tensor fasciae latae and sartorius in fresh transcervical or subcapital fractures of the femoral neck.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty cases of fresh transcervical and subcapital fractures of the femoral neck were treated by the tail breakable screws and sartorius pedicle bone grafts (single muscular pedicle, SMP group). The other 23 cases were treated by cannulated pressure screws and bone grafts with the muscular pedicles of both sartorius and tensor fasciae latae (double muscular pedicles, DMP group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-two cases were followed up for 3 to 5 years (mean, 4 years). In SMP group, ten cases showed poor therapeutic results. Excellent therapeutic effects were achieved in all cases of DMP group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The transcervical or subcapital fractures of the femoral neck can be treated by double muscular pedicles bone graft. The bone graft with double muscular pedicles is more effective than single sartorius muscular pedicles for fresh transcervical and subcapital fractures of the femoral neck during short and medium terms.</p>